Feasibility of the Extract from Sibukaw (Caesalpinia...

FEASIBILITY OF THE EXTRACT FROM SIBUKAW (Caesalpinia sappan) WOOD AS TEXTILE DYE PRESENTED IN THE SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY DEPARTMENT (SCIENCE CURRICULUM) ILIGAN CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL ILIGAN CITY SUBMITTED TO: MRS. ANNALLEE Q. ARON RESEARCH TEACHER SUBMITTED BY: Ibrahim, Mahalia Taskeen R. Cabugatan, Fahad M. Lomansoc, Jake G. Miano, Ryan I. Surmion, Paul Jeffrey S. ABSTRACT Dyes known to the ancients came from plants such as indigo and madder or from the shells of mollusks; today most dyes are made from coal tar and petrochemicals. The chemical structure of dyes is relatively easy to modify, so many new colours and types of dyes have been synthesized. Natural dyes are used as an alternative†¦show more content†¦Today, nearly all dyes are made from compounds obtain from petroleum or coal, this dyes are called synthetic dyes- as opposed to natural dyes obtained from plants, animals, and mineral sources which were exclusively used in the past. The Researchers will try to produce natural dye using Sibukaw Wood to promote the usage of natural dyes and to lessen the production of synthetic dyes, which are very expensive. Statement of the Problem Can the extract of the sibukaw wood be an effective textile dye? Sub-Problems 1. Can the extract from the sibukaw wood be used to color the clopman cloth? 2. Is there a difference in the intensity of the color the extract gives to the clopman cloth using a mordant and without mordant? 3. Will the intensity of the color of the dye with a mordant changed after the: a. Sunlight test b. Washing test c. Bleaching

The Stereotypical Image of the American Soldier Free Essays

Military supremacy is what makes a nation a superpower—with the fall of the Soviet Union, the United States of America is undeniably the only superpower left in the world. No other country at the present world can come close to America’s military prowess. Because the foot soldier is the basic unit of the military, their image is of utmost importance. We will write a custom essay sample on The Stereotypical Image of the American Soldier or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, like most professions, there are stereotypes related to the American soldier. These stereotypes, used as propaganda to intimidate the forces of the enemy, may be traced back to the Second World War or maybe earlier (Snellman). Since wars are not that â€Å"encouraged† anymore, the image of the American soldier has been shaped mostly by media, which also paved the way for stereotypes on the American soldier to develop. Stereotypes Because the world has not a seen a major, full-scale, and closely contested war since Vietnam or Korea (Wars after those were mostly one-sided), the image of the American soldier has not been covered as much as they were during times of major conflicts. Movies provided the civilians with an alternative into developing their perceptions regarding the American Soldier. Sadly, these perceptions that the public has come up with are stereotypical and sometimes offensive. The American Soldier as a White Male When we first think of the visual image of the American soldier, the first thing that we would imagine is that of a white male. An American soldier is usually visualized as white, standing bravely with a gun on his hand. This is the case because of two things. First, the whites are considered as the majority race in the US, so the chances of a soldier being white are quite high. Second, the American soldier is also thought to be white most of the time because of the history of the US—In the past up until the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and maybe until now, the blacks were discriminated greatly. This translated into the white soldier as the image of the American soldier, even if the African-Americans played an important role during the Civil War. The American soldier is also stereotyped as a male simply because our society is generally a patriarchal society despite the rise of feminism. The American soldier is thought (and should be) to be strong physically. Being physically strong is not an attribute that is associated with women, thus creating the image of the American soldier as masculine. The American Soldier from the Lower Class A job in the army has never been a glamorous or desired job for the public. Enlisting in the army is stereotyped as a last resort to earn a living because the person cannot afford to go to college or get a high paying job. There is some element of truth into this stereotype because this scenario is usually the case. However, that does not mean that all soldiers are from poor economic backgrounds. Some of them may really want to join the army despite having other bigger opportunities as a civilian. This stereotype may also have surfaced because the army does not even require a high school diploma (Army. com). The American Soldier as an Independent, Self-reliant, and Assertive Individual Despite being part of the most powerful (in force and number) and advanced army in the world, the American soldier, when he or she is by him- or herself, is stereotyped as independent, self-reliant, and assertive, as they ought to be. The strength of the army is measured by the strength of its soldiers. If even one of its soldiers does not possess the said traits, the strength of the army maybe compromised. Therefore, the public thinks highly of our soldiers as having all those traits mentioned. Sometimes, while practicing their independence or by trying to assert themselves, soldiers may be branded as aggressive, but it is only their eagerness to be independent and assertive that they become stereotyped as aggressive. The public expects the American soldier to be aggressive because they are supposed to be combat-ready all the time. The American Soldier as a Strict, Stiff, and too Disciplined Person Discipline is one of the core values of the military. Army personnel are expected to conduct themselves properly at all times, but that does not mean that they are always like that even when they are not on duty. Media have portrayed our soldiers as being too strict, too conscious about discipline, and stiff in their movements, even (or especially) the retired ones. This is not a realistic portrayal of the soldiers because it is highly doubtful that they are like that to their families. Although we could expect military men referring to civilians as â€Å"Sir† or â€Å"Ma’am,† the chances of father and mother soldiers barking orders at their children and making them do push-ups, crunches, and all those military punishment are slim. The American Soldier as a Grown Man Pictures of American soldiers in the news and especially depictions in movies are almost always a picture of a mature man. Rarely do we see young soldiers slugging it out on the screen. This stereotype of the American soldier is partly true and partly false—true because today, even if the army does not even require a high school diploma, it is mostly the experienced men that go out into the field, and false because during the previous wars, a lot of young men were forced into battle because of the scarcity in military personnel. Now, young men are no longer forced into action because the army has a lot of experienced men ready to battle all the time. Conclusion The American soldier is one of the enduring images of patriotism in the United States. The American soldier’s image has developed stereotypes through the years because of media coverage and portrayals in films. This has led the public into coming up with stereotypes that are now synonymous to the term American Soldier. Works Cited Snellman, Pekka. â€Å"The Grunt: Analysis of a Stereotype. † Power Pride and Politics in American English. 22 March 2006. University of Tampere. 27 March 2009. http://www. uta. fi/~pekka. snellman/us8. htm. Army. com. Requirements to Join the US Army. 27 March 2009 http://www. army. com/enlist/requirements. html. How to cite The Stereotypical Image of the American Soldier, Papers

Artificial Intelligence for Pearson Education- myassignmenthelp

Question Discuss about theArtificial Intelligence for Pearson Education Limited. Answer: Introduction The main responsibility of an IT Security Consultant is to look over the overall security of any organization. Gigantic Corporation recently has hired an IT Security Consultant for securing their artificial intelligence. AI or artificial intelligence is the area of computer science, which focuses on creating intelligent machines, working as well as reacting like human beings [5]. The major task of this security consultant is to cooperate with the technologists and business stakeholders. Moreover, he would be translating the potential threats that are faced by this organization. This report will be highlighting on the security threats or attacks that can affect the artificial intelligence with their proper countermeasure strategies. Discussion Identification of Threats and Attacks Artificial intelligence is considered as one of the most important advancements in the cyber world. It is the perfect simulation of the intelligence of human beings that is being processed by various machines and especially by computer systems [4]. All these processes mainly involve learning, i.e. the proper acquisition of any information or rules to utilize the information, self correction and reasoning, i.e. utilizing all the rules for reaching definite or approximate conclusions. The most significant applications of this artificial intelligence are machine vision, speech recognition and expert systems. The organization of Gigantic Corporation has various important machines of artificial intelligence. Thus, they are concerned about the threats or attacks. The probable threats and attacks to the artificial intelligence of their company are as follows: i) Denial of service information: The first and the foremost threat to the expert system of artificial intelligence is the denial of service information. Since, the expert system is responsible for emulating the ability for decision making of a human expert; it is always vulnerable to this type of cyber attack [6]. Denial of service information is the type of interruption that restricts the access of the computer system. The decision making ability of this particular artificial intelligence system is stopped by this threat and thus important information could not be retrieved. This often becomes a major issue for the organization as they cannot take the significant decisions for the betterment of their company. ii) Data Breaching: The second important threat or attack that can affect the artificial intelligence of Gigantic Corporation organization is the breaching of data [2]. The expert system is the piece of software that works as a database and stores various vital information regarding the decisions of the organization. If any type of breaching occurs within that information, the company would be in grave danger as all the important information or data would be taken by the attackers. Hacking: The third type of threat that can occur within the artificial intelligence is hacking [3]. The hacker or the attacker gets into the system for the purpose of acquiring all the important and confidential information and thus changing or altering the data integrity. This is again one of the most basic types of threats in AI. iv) Destructing Systems: The systems could also be attacked by means of destructing physically. Natural disruption and physical disruption are the most common types of this attack [8]. Potential Damages Caused by Threats The threats could be extremely dangerous for the organization of Gigantic Corporation and they should be careful about their artificial intelligence. The potential damages that could be caused by all the above mentioned attacks and threats are as follows: i) Denial of service information: The potential damage due to this particular threat is the loss of confidential information. The decisions that the expert system of the organization would be taking fall under this type of threat or attack [5]. The hacker denies the service and whenever they try to make any decision, they are interrupted. ii) Data Breaching: The information is breached by the hacker with this type of attack and the organization can suffer through various tough situations. Hacking: The damage that can occur due to this losing of confidential information and the information falling in the hands of a wrong person. iv) Destructing Systems: The physical destruction can completely destroy the expert system and if this type of situation arises, the organization will not only lose the information by also suffer through financial losses [1]. Challenges or Issues Faced Gigantic Corporation has faced various issues or challenges while controlling the threats and attacks. They are given below: i) Lack of People: The main challenge that they had faced is the lack of people. The man power that is required is extremely higher than any other system and thus the organization often undergoes several tough situations. ii) One Track Minds: The next challenge that they faced was one track minds. While dealing with the expert system problems, they observed that it was one track minds [3]. Mitigation or Countermeasure Strategies The various mitigation strategies for reducing the threats and attacks of artificial intelligence are as follows: i) Capability Controls: It is the most basic strategy for reducing AI threats. The steps of the AI machine should be restricted or checked so that it is not utilized by all. The strict restriction to access would eventually stop the entry of unauthorized uses to a major level. ii) Black Box Motivational Control: The second strategy for reducing the AI threats or attacks is black box motivational control [7]. The reinforcement learning often enables programs in internalising the complex concepts. Conclusion Therefore, conclusion can be drawn that artificial intelligence is the specific type of intelligence that is demonstrated by various machines. It is the kind of device that helps any organization to perceive its environment and also takes up several actions for maximizing the chance of achieving goals and objectives successfully. Some of the most important and significant activities of computers working with AI or artificial intelligence mainly include problem solving, speech recognition and learning. Gigantic Corporation is worried about their artificial intelligence and thus they have recruited an IT Security Consultant for their organization. The above report has properly outlined the probable threats to the artificial intelligence of the company with probable damages. Countermeasure strategies are also provided here. References [1] Russell, Stuart J., and Peter Norvig.Artificial intelligence: a modern approach. Malaysia; Pearson Education Limited,, 2016. [2] Michalski, Ryszard S., Jaime G. Carbonell, and Tom M. Mitchell, eds.Machine learning: An artificial intelligence approach. Springer Science Business Media, 2013. [3] Nilsson, Nils J.Principles of artificial intelligence. Morgan Kaufmann, 2014. [4] Cohen, Paul R., and Edward A. Feigenbaum, eds.The handbook of artificial intelligence. Vol. 3. Butterworth-Heinemann, 2014. [5] Wenger, Etienne.Artificial intelligence and tutoring systems: computational and cognitive approaches to the communication of knowledge. Morgan Kaufmann, 2014. [6] Hovy, Eduard, Roberto Navigli, and Simone Paolo Ponzetto. "Collaboratively built semi-structured content and Artificial Intelligence: The story so far."Artificial Intelligence194 (2013): 2-27. [7] Bond, Alan H., and Les Gasser, eds.Readings in distributed artificial intelligence. Morgan Kaufmann, 2014. [8] Spiro, Rand J., Bertram C. Bruce, and William F. Brewer, eds.Theoretical issues in reading comprehension: Perspectives from cognitive psychology, linguistics, artificial intelligence and education. Vol. 11. Routledge, 2017.